Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Drinking Water
Complete contaminant profile for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in drinking water, including sources, health concerns, groundwater contamination pathways, testing methods, treatment technologies, and drinking water safety guidance.
Quick Facts
What Is Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)?
Tetrachloroethylene, commonly known as PCE or perchloroethylene, is a chlorinated solvent widely used in dry cleaning operations, metal degreasing, and industrial manufacturing processes.
PCE is one of the most frequently detected industrial groundwater contaminants and is closely monitored by environmental agencies worldwide.
Why PCE Matters
PCE can persist in groundwater for many years and migrate through aquifers, potentially affecting private wells and public water supplies.
Main Sources of PCE Contamination
Dry Cleaning Facilities
Historically the largest source of PCE contamination.
Metal Degreasing
Used to clean machinery and manufactured parts.
Industrial Waste Disposal
Improper disposal can contaminate soil and groundwater.
Manufacturing Operations
Various industrial processes have historically used PCE.
Potential Health Concerns
PCE has been extensively studied because of concerns related to long-term exposure and environmental persistence.
Risk assessments depend on concentration, duration of exposure, and specific site conditions.
How PCE Is Detected
- VOC laboratory analysis.
- Groundwater monitoring programs.
- Environmental investigations.
- Municipal water monitoring.
- Private well testing.
PCE Removal Technologies
| Treatment Method | Effectiveness | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Activated Carbon | High | Common treatment solution |
| Air Stripping | High | Effective for volatile contaminants |
| Advanced Oxidation | High | Used in remediation systems |
| Reverse Osmosis | Moderate | Often used with carbon filtration |
| Boiling | Not Recommended | May release contaminants into indoor air |
PCE and Dry Cleaning Sites
Former and active dry cleaning facilities are among the most common locations where PCE contamination has been identified.
Environmental investigations frequently focus on groundwater beneath these sites.
Related Contaminants
Frequently Asked Questions
What is PCE?
PCE is a chlorinated solvent widely used in dry cleaning and industrial cleaning operations.
Can PCE contaminate drinking water?
Yes. PCE is a common groundwater contaminant associated with industrial activities.
Can activated carbon remove PCE?
Yes. Activated carbon is one of the most widely used treatment technologies.
Is PCE related to TCE?
Yes. Both are chlorinated solvents frequently found at industrial contamination sites.
Can boiling remove PCE?
No. Boiling is not recommended because volatile contaminants may enter indoor air.
Quick Summary
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a chlorinated industrial solvent commonly associated with dry cleaning operations, metal degreasing, and groundwater contamination. Because it can persist in aquifers and migrate through groundwater systems, PCE remains one of the most closely monitored industrial contaminants. Activated carbon, air stripping, and advanced remediation technologies are among the most effective treatment options.